Cookies are text files, with small bits of data, stored on a user’s hard drive to identify that user after they visit a website. The cookie contains several data components:

  • The name of the server that placed it
  • A non-nominative identifier, in the form of a unique ID number
  • An expiration date

We can distinguish two types of cookies: First-party cookie and Third-party cookie .

Read our articles to get more information on cookies:


  • first party data

    First-party analytics without consent: Your Digital Omnibus compliance guide

    The Digital Omnibus is the European Commission’s simplification initiative to modernize the EU’s digital rulebook and reduce consent fatigue. The framework would enable first-party analytics without consent when specific criteria are met, ending years of uncertainty about the use of legitimate interest for web statistics.

  • University website personalization: First-party data strategies for student recruitment and retention

    University websites receive millions of visits annually from diverse audiences – prospective students, admitted students weighing their options, current undergraduates, graduate students, parents, alumni, and faculty. Yet most institutions serve identical content to all these visitors, missing critical opportunities to engage each audience with relevant information.