Cookies are text files, with small bits of data, stored on a user’s hard drive to identify that user after they visit a website. The cookie contains several data components:

  • The name of the server that placed it
  • A non-nominative identifier, in the form of a unique ID number
  • An expiration date

We can distinguish two types of cookies: First-party cookie and Third-party cookie .

Read our articles to get more information on cookies:


  • University website personalization: First-party data strategies for student recruitment and retention

    University websites receive millions of visits annually from diverse audiences – prospective students, admitted students weighing their options, current undergraduates, graduate students, parents, alumni, and faculty. Yet most institutions serve identical content to all these visitors, missing critical opportunities to engage each audience with relevant information.

  • Digital marketing in the energy sector: Key challenges and fixes

    Summary The European energy and utilities sector is changing quickly. Customers expect smooth digital experiences, personalized communication, and easy access to their data. At the same time, regulators continue to tighten privacy and security standards across the EU. For marketing teams, this creates a familiar dilemma – how to deliver relevant, data-driven experiences while staying…